Debian 9 快速云服务器初始化环境，安装JDK，Redis，Nginx

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JDK

更新软件包索引

apt update

检查是否已安装Java

java -version

未安装Java，您将看到以下输出

-bash: java: command not found

安装OpenJDK

sudo apt install default-jre

验证安装

java -version

将看到以下输出

openjdk version "1.8.0_181"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-8u181-b13-1~deb9u1-b13)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

Redis

更新本地apt包缓存并安装Redis

apt update
apt install redis-server

Redis配置文件中将进行一项重要的配置更改，使用首选文本编辑器打开此文件

nano /etc/redis/redis.conf

在文件中，找到该supervised指令。该supervised指令默认设置为no。由于您运行的是使用systemd init系统的Debian，因此将其更改为systemd

. . .
# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous liveness pings back to your supervisor.
supervised systemd
. . .

重新加载Redis服务文件

systemctl restart redis

检查Redis服务是否正在运行

systemctl status redis

将生成类似于以下内容的输出

● redis-server.service - Advanced key-value store
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/redis-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-09-05 20:19:44 UTC; 41s ago
     Docs: http://redis.io/documentation,
           man:redis-server(1)
  Process: 10829 ExecStopPost=/bin/run-parts --verbose /etc/redis/redis-server.post-down.d (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 10825 ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 10823 ExecStop=/bin/run-parts --verbose /etc/redis/redis-server.pre-down.d (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 10842 ExecStartPost=/bin/run-parts --verbose /etc/redis/redis-server.post-up.d (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 10838 ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 10834 ExecStartPre=/bin/run-parts --verbose /etc/redis/redis-server.pre-up.d (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 10841 (redis-server)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/redis-server.service
           └─10841 /usr/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
. . .

测试Redis是否正常运行，请使用命令行客户端连接到服务器

redis-cli

使用以下ping命令测试连接

ping
PONG

Nginx

更新软件包索引

apt update

安装Nginx软件包

apt install nginx

Nginx服务将在安装过程完成后自动启动。您可以通过运行以下 curl 命令进行验证

curl -I 127.0.0.1

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.3
Date: Mon, 27 Aug 2018 22:29:02 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Mon, 27 Aug 2018 22:27:54 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5b847aea-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

如果使用iptables过滤与系统的连接，则需要打开HTTP（80）和HTTPS（443）端口，通过发出以下命令打开必要的端口

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

systemctl管理Nginx服务

systemctl stop nginx
systemctl start nginx
systemctl restart nginx
systemctl reload nginx
systemctl disable nginx
systemctl enable nginx