使用 rclone 将 Google Drive 文件同步至 OneDrive

对于手上握有不少 G Suite无限盘和Onedrive25T盘的老司机而言，勤备份，多备份是一定的。这样的工具也很多，最方便也最常用的应当还是 Rclone 和 Restic了。Restic很早之前介绍过了，今天博主就来说说 Rclone，怎么使用 rclone 将 Google Drive 文件同步至 OneDrive 的方法……

1.1 rclone 安装
执行命令：curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash

1.2 连接网盘
连接 Google Drive，执行命令进入配置菜单：rclone config

1.3 初次进入会有如下菜单提示：

#~:rclone config
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote -> 连接新远程网盘
s) Set configuration password -> 设置密码保护配置信息
q) Quit config -> 退出
n/s/q>

1.4 需要加密码保护配置信息就按 s 进入设置密码，若不需要，按 n 进入连接网盘。

n/s/q> n
name> gdrive -> 网盘名字，写一个方便自己识别的名字就好
Type of storage to configure.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
 1 / Alias for a existing remote
   \ "alias"
 2 / Amazon Drive
   \ "amazon cloud drive"
 3 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio)
   \ "s3"
 4 / Backblaze B2
   \ "b2"
 5 / Box
   \ "box"
 6 / Cache a remote
   \ "cache"
 7 / Dropbox
   \ "dropbox"
 8 / Encrypt/Decrypt a remote
   \ "crypt"
 9 / FTP Connection
   \ "ftp"
10 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
   \ "google cloud storage"
11 / Google Drive
   \ "drive"
12 / Hubic
   \ "hubic"
13 / JottaCloud
   \ "jottacloud"
14 / Local Disk
   \ "local"
15 / Mega
   \ "mega"
16 / Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
   \ "azureblob"
17 / Microsoft OneDrive
   \ "onedrive"
18 / OpenDrive
   \ "opendrive"
19 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
   \ "swift"
20 / Pcloud
   \ "pcloud"
21 / QingCloud Object Storage
   \ "qingstor"
22 / SSH/SFTP Connection
   \ "sftp"
23 / Webdav
   \ "webdav"
24 / Yandex Disk
   \ "yandex"
25 / http Connection
   \ "http"
Storage> 11 -> 11 是 Google Drive
Google Application Client Id
Leave blank normally.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
client_id> -> 留空，按回车下一步就好
Google Application Client Secret
Leave blank normally.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
client_secret> -> 留空，按回车下一步就好
Scope that rclone should use when requesting access from drive.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
 1 / Full access all files, excluding Application Data Folder.
   \ "drive"
 2 / Read-only access to file metadata and file contents.
   \ "drive.readonly"
   / Access to files created by rclone only.
 3 | These are visible in the drive website.
   | File authorization is revoked when the user deauthorizes the app.
   \ "drive.file"
   / Allows read and write access to the Application Data folder.
 4 | This is not visible in the drive website.
   \ "drive.appfolder"
   / Allows read-only access to file metadata but
 5 | does not allow any access to read or download file content.
   \ "drive.metadata.readonly"
scope> 2 -> 1 是拥有所有权限，包括删除；2 是只能访问所有文件，不能删除，按需要选择吧
ID of the root folder
Leave blank normally.
Fill in to access "Computers" folders. (see docs).
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
root_folder_id> -> 留空，按回车下一步就好
Service Account Credentials JSON file path
Leave blank normally.
Needed only if you want use SA instead of interactive login.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
service_account_file> -> 留空，按回车下一步就好
Edit advanced config? (y/n)
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n -> 一般不需要高级设置，选择 n 就好
Remote config
Use auto config?
 * Say Y if not sure
 * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine or Y didn't work
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n -> 如果是在 VPS 上连接，选 n 吧
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?access_type=offline&client_id=**************************************
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Enter verification code> **************zN5****vd5*******************bwZethESs
Configure this as a team drive?
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n
--------------------
[remote]
client_id = 
client_secret = 
scope = drive
root_folder_id = 
service_account_file =
token = {"access_token":"XXX","token_type":"Bearer","refresh_token":"XXX","expiry":"2018-09-16T13:57:58.955387075Z"}
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y

1.5 Google Drive 连接完成，可以执行命令检查一下是否真的能连接上：

#列出顶级文件夹，（gdrive 是前面第一步设置的名字，如果配置设置了密码会提示输入密码）
rclone lsd gdrive:

#列出所有文件
rclone ls gdrive:

1.6 连接 OneDrive，方法类似，命令进入配置：rclone config

#~:rclone config
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
n/s/q> n
name> onedrive
Type of storage to configure.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
 1 / Alias for a existing remote
   \ "alias"
 2 / Amazon Drive
   \ "amazon cloud drive"
 3 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio)
   \ "s3"
 4 / Backblaze B2
   \ "b2"
 5 / Box
   \ "box"
 6 / Cache a remote
   \ "cache"
 7 / Dropbox
   \ "dropbox"
 8 / Encrypt/Decrypt a remote
   \ "crypt"
 9 / FTP Connection
   \ "ftp"
10 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
   \ "google cloud storage"
11 / Google Drive
   \ "drive"
12 / Hubic
   \ "hubic"
13 / JottaCloud
   \ "jottacloud"
14 / Local Disk
   \ "local"
15 / Mega
   \ "mega"
16 / Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
   \ "azureblob"
17 / Microsoft OneDrive
   \ "onedrive"
18 / OpenDrive
   \ "opendrive"
19 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
   \ "swift"
20 / Pcloud
   \ "pcloud"
21 / QingCloud Object Storage
   \ "qingstor"
22 / SSH/SFTP Connection
   \ "sftp"
23 / Webdav
   \ "webdav"
24 / Yandex Disk
   \ "yandex"
25 / http Connection
   \ "http"
Storage> 17
Microsoft App Client Id
Leave blank normally.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
client_id>
Microsoft App Client Secret
Leave blank normally.
Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default ("").
client_secret>
Edit advanced config? (y/n)
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n
Remote config
Choose OneDrive account type?
 * Say b for a OneDrive business account -> b 商业版
 * Say p for a personal OneDrive account -> p 个人版
b) Business
p) Personal
b/p> p
Use auto config?
 * Say Y if not sure
 * Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n
For this to work, you will need rclone available on a machine that has a web browser available.
Execute the following on your machine:
        rclone authorize "onedrive"
Then paste the result below:（需要在能打开浏览器的电脑上获取，方法见下面：OneDrive 授权码获取方法）
result>{"access_token":"$$$$$$$$$$$$$$","expiry":"2018-09-03T08:43:55.5290909+08:00"}
2018/09/03 07:47:11 ERROR : Failed to save new token in config file: section 'onedrive' not found
--------------------
[onedrive]
type = onedrive
token = {"access_token":"$$$$$$$$$$$$$$","expiry":"2018-09-01T08:43:55.5290909+08:00"}
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
Current remotes:

Name                 Type
====                 ====
onedrive             onedrive

e) Edit existing remote
n) New remote
d) Delete remote
r) Rename remote
c) Copy remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
e/n/d/r/c/s/q> q

1.7 OneDrive 授权码获取方法：

官网下载 rclone Windows 版，地址：https://rclone.org/downloads/

如 Rclone Download v1.43 Windows 64 位：https://downloads.rclone.org/v1.43/rclone-v1.43-windows-amd64.zip，解压到 C 盘根目录，文件夹重命名为 rc，然后参考下面方法即可获取授权。

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.14393]
(c) 2016 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Users\Administrator>cd c:\rc
c:\rc>rclone authorize "onedrive"  -·-·- （PowerShell 可能需要使用此命令：.\rclone authorize "onedrive"）
Choose OneDrive account type?
 * Say b for a OneDrive business account
 * Say p for a personal OneDrive account
b) Business
p) Personal
b/p> p
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Waiting for code...
Got code
Paste the following into your remote machine --->
{"access_token":"***************########################################################################################################################**************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$","expiry":"2018-09-01T01:43:55.5290909+08:00"}
<---End paste

然后将 { } 内的内容（包括{}）复制到前面 result> 后面，回车即可。

同样，执行 ls 或者 lsd 命令检查是否连接成功：

#列出顶级文件夹，（gdrive 是前面第一步设置的名字，如果配置设置了密码会提示输入密码）
rclone lsd onedrive:

#列出所有文件
rclone ls onedrive:

2.1 定时执行脚本 rclone 命令大全

如果用来备份或者同步文件，用到的命令可能就两个：rclone_copy 和 rclone_sync。

rclone_copy 是复制，配合附加参数 –ignore-existing 可以假装增量备份；

rclone_sync 是源目录同步到目标目录，使两者一致，会删除目标目录多余内容，测试时可以加上 –dry-run，检查会复制和删除那些文件。

rclone about - Get quota information from the remote.
rclone authorize - Remote authorization.
rclone cachestats - Print cache stats for a remote
rclone cat - Concatenates any files and sends them to stdout.
rclone check - Checks the files in the source and destination match.
rclone cleanup - Clean up the remote if possible
rclone config - Enter an interactive configuration session.
rclone copy - Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied
rclone copyto - Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied
rclone copyurl - Copy url content to dest.
rclone cryptcheck - Cryptcheck checks the integrity of a crypted remote.
rclone cryptdecode - Cryptdecode returns unencrypted file names.
rclone dbhashsum - Produces a Dropbox hash file for all the objects in the path.
rclone dedupe - Interactively find duplicate files and delete/rename them.
rclone delete - Remove the contents of path.
rclone deletefile - Remove a single file from remote.
rclone genautocomplete - Output completion script for a given shell.
rclone gendocs - Output markdown docs for rclone to the directory supplied.
rclone hashsum - Produces an hashsum file for all the objects in the path.
rclone link - Generate public link to file/folder.
rclone listremotes - List all the remotes in the config file.
rclone ls - List the objects in the path with size and path.
rclone lsd - List all directories/containers/buckets in the path.
rclone lsf - List directories and objects in remote:path formatted for parsing
rclone lsjson - List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.
rclone lsl - List the objects in path with modification time, size and path.
rclone md5sum - Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path.
rclone mkdir - Make the path if it doesn’t already exist.
rclone mount - Mount the remote as a mountpoint. EXPERIMENTAL
rclone move - Move files from source to dest.
rclone moveto - Move file or directory from source to dest.
rclone ncdu - Explore a remote with a text based user interface.
rclone obscure - Obscure password for use in the rclone.conf
rclone purge - Remove the path and all of its contents.
rclone rc - Run a command against a running rclone.
rclone rcat - Copies standard input to file on remote.
rclone rmdir - Remove the path if empty.
rclone rmdirs - Remove empty directories under the path.
rclone serve - Serve a remote over a protocol.
rclone sha1sum - Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path.
rclone size - Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.
rclone sync - Make source and dest identical, modifying destination only.
rclone touch - Create new file or change file modification time.
rclone tree - List the contents of the remote in a tree like fashion.
rclone version - Show the version number.

保证数据不会中断

yum install screen
screen -S rclone #第一次同步大量数据使用 screen 会话尽可能保护 rclone 执行不被中断
rclone copy gdrive:GooglePhotos onedrive:GooglePhotos

第一次同步完成，就可以 VPS 上（每天/周/月，按需选择）定时执行脚本自动同步。可以选择使用 rclone_copy –ignore-existing 进行增量备份（没有实测，按官方说明是可以实现），或者使用 rclone sync 同步。

我希望 OneDrive 上的备份与 Google Drive 一致，所以每天定时执行 rclone sync gdrive:GooglePhotos onedrive:GooglePhotos

/usr/bin/rclone sync gdrive:GooglePhotos onedrive:GooglePhotos >> /root/rclone.log 2>&1

配合 crontab 定时执行，比如每天 4:44 执行一次，日志写到 /root/rclone.log。执行 crontab -e，i，添加下面代码进去，按一下 Esc，然后输入 :wq 回车保存退出。

44 4 * * * /usr/bin/rclone sync gdrive:GooglePhotos onedrive:GooglePhotos >> /root/rclone.log 2>&1

注：不需要日志的话把 >> /root/rclone.log 2>&1 去掉。

然后重启一下 crond 服务即可。（service crond restart）

注意：最好执行 service crond status 检查 crond 服务是否启动，service crond start 可手动启动，或者设置开机启动：chkconfig --level 35 crond on。Centos 7 x86_64 实测通过。